Kyphosis causes a bowing of the back, seen as a slouching posture. Symptoms of kyphosis, that may be present or not, depending on the type and extent of the deformity, include mild back pain, fatigue, appearance of round back and breathing difficulties.

Those with scoliosis often do not have pain as adolescents and young adults. Pain is a common in adulthood if left untreated. The most common complaint from parents and patients is cosmetic deformity. Besides back pain and stooped posture, problems with the legs may occur such as numbness, pain, weakness, heaviness, and tingling which limit activity and make walking difficult.

The treatment of scoliosis is determined by the extent of the deformity and the stage of bone growth (how near the growth centers are to closure). Many scoliotic curves require no treatment (less than 30 degrees) but should be followed in 6-month intervals. More serious cases may require observation, exercise, a back brace, or surgery. The treatment is most successful when it is started early.

The treatment of kyphosis depends on the cause of the disorder. For kyphosis caused by poor posture, treatment may consist of exercises, a firm mattress for sleeping, and a back brace to straighten the curve until growth is complete. Bedrest is recommended for severe pain. Gradual weaning from the brace begins after maximum correction of the curve by the back brace has occurred. Surgery may be indicated if neurological symptoms occur. Traction may be used for pain relief.